Parents and their child, a co-op game or not: outcomes of (in)appropriate parental mediation

status: accepte

A novel time series analysis approach for prediction of dialysis in critically ill patients using echo-state networks

Background: Echo-state networks (ESN) are part of a group of reservoir computing methods and are basically a form of recurrent artificial neural networks (ANN). These methods can perform classification tasks on time series data. The recurrent ANN of an echo-state network has an 'echo-state' characteristic. This 'echo-state' functions as a fading memory: samples that have been introduced into the network in a further past, are faded away. The echostate approach for the training of recurrent neural networks was first described by Jaeger H. et al. In clinical medicine, until this moment, no original research articles have been published to examine the use of echo-state networks. Methods: This study examines the possibility of using an echo-state network for prediction of dialysis in the ICU. Therefore, diuresis values and creatinine levels of the first three days after ICU admission were collected from 830 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) between May 31th 2003 and November 17th 2007. The outcome parameter was the performance by the echo-state network in predicting the need for dialysis between day 5 and day 10 of ICU admission. Patients with an ICU length of stay < 10 days or patients that received dialysis in the first five days of ICU admission were excluded. Performance by the echo-state network was then compared by means of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) with results obtained by two other time series analysis methods by means of a support vector machine (SVM) and a naive Bayes algorithm (NB). Results: The AUC's in the three developed echo-state networks were 0.822, 0.818, and 0.817. These results were comparable to the results obtained by the SVM and the NB algorithm. Conclusions: This proof of concept study is the first to evaluate the performance of echo-state networks in an ICU environment. This echo-state network predicted the need for dialysis in ICU patients. The AUC's of the echo-state networks were good and comparable to the performance of other classification algorithms. Moreover, the echostate network was more easily configured than other time series modeling technologies

Four-year follow-up of infliximab therapy in rheumatoid arthritis patients with long-standing refractory disease: attrition and long-term evolution of disease activity

Although there is strong evidence supporting the short-term efficacy and safety of anti-tumour necrosis factor-α agents, few studies have examined the long-term effects. We evaluated 511 patients with long-standing refractory rheumatoid arthritis treated with intravenous infusions of infliximab 3 mg/kg at weeks 0, 2, 6, and 14 and every 8 weeks thereafter for 4 years. Among the initial 511 patients included in the study, 479 could be evaluated; of these, 295 (61.6%) were still receiving infliximab treatment at year 4 of follow-up. The most common reasons for treatment discontinuation were lack of efficacy (65 patients, 13.6%), safety (81 patients, 16.9%), and elective change (38 patients, 7.9%). Analysis of disease activity scores (DAS28 [disease activity score based on the 28-joint count]) over time showed that, after the initial rapid improvement during the first 6 to 22 weeks of therapy, a further decrease in disease activity of 0.2 units in the DAS28 score per year was observed. DAS28 scores, measured at week 14 or 22, were found to predict subsequent discontinuation due to lack of efficacy. In conclusion, long-term maintenance therapy with infliximab 3 mg/kg is effective in producing further reductions in disease activity. Disease activity measured by the DAS28 at week 14 or 22 of infliximab therapy was the best predictor of long-term attrition

DAS28 best reflects the physician's clinical judgment of response to infliximab therapy in rheumatoid arthritis patients: validation of the DAS28 score in patients under infliximab treatment

This study is based on an expanded access program in which 511 patients suffering from active refractory rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were treated with intravenous infusions of infliximab (3 mg/kg+methotrexate (MTX)) at weeks 0, 2, 6 and every 8 weeks thereafter. At week 22, 474 patients were still in follow-up, of whom 102 (21.5%), who were not optimally responding to treatment, received a dose increase from week 30 onward. We aimed to build a model to discriminate the decision to give a dose increase. This decision was based on the treating rheumatologist's clinical judgment and therefore can be considered as a clinical measure of insufficient response. Different single and composite measures at weeks 0, 6, 14 and 22, and their differences over time were taken into account for the model building. Ranking of the continuous variables based on areas under the curve of receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, displayed the momentary DAS28 (Disease Activity Score including a 28-joint count) as the most important discriminating variable. Subsequently, we proved that the response scores and the changes over time were less important than the momentary evaluations to discriminate the physician's decision. The final model we thus obtained was a model with only slightly better discriminative characteristics than the DAS28. Finally, we fitted a discriminant function using the single variables of the DAS28. This displayed similar scores and coefficients as the DAS28. In conclusion, we evaluated different variables and models to discriminate the treating rheumatologist's decision to increase the dose of infliximab (+MTX), which indicates an insufficient response to infliximab at 3 mg/kg in patients with RA. We proved that the momentary DAS28 score correlates best with this decision and demonstrated the robustness of the score and the coefficients of the DAS28 in a cohort of RA patients under infliximab therapy

No you cannot! Exploring the longitudinal relationships between parental mediation, parenting style, oppositional defiance, and parental perceptions of problematic (addictive) gaming

The current study looks into video game parenting among young children. Existing studies have looked into the parental mediation of video gaming: the rules and discussions. Drawing on Self-Determination Theory, the current study extended this approach to include the parenting style. Leveraging longitudinal parental self-report data (N=1546) about their young children (Mage=5.4), a cross-lagged structural model was used to explore relations between parental mediation, autonomy supportive and controlling parenting style, child oppositional defiance and parental perception of problematic (addictive) game use. Both a more controlling parenting style and negative parental perceptions of problematic gaming increased defiant child behavior one year later. Furthermore, more parental concern about problematic gaming decreased parenting efforts. Together, these findings indicate that for gaming, increased concern and increasingly controlling parenting have detrimental effects on young children’s behavior. This provides an argument for normalizing, accepting, and discussing gaming behavior in the family settin

Reconsidering the notion of 'operating model' in the context of innovation and transformation : a systematic literature review

The notion of Operating Model (OM) is widely used in the academic and practitioner-related literature, as well as in publications written by major consultancy firms. Despite this widespread use, the concept is not yet comprehensively defined, creating some issues in interpretation and understanding. To fill this gap, we offer a systematic literature review (SLR) approach to better capture the dynamic environment in which businesses take part. We have therefore included innovation and transformation within the scope of this review, instead of focusing on OM in isolation. The goal of this article is to investigate which important decisions are typically taken with regard to the implementation of innovation and transformation, as seen through an OM lens. More specifically, we compare definitions, properties and boundaries of OM as well as various decision topics within the scope of innovation and transformation. This review integrates current knowledge of OM and the different elements used to describe it. Finally, we provide avenues for future research and a theoretical foundation to expand the current knowledge of OM

Reconsidering the notion of “Operating Model” in the context of innovation and transformation. A systematic literature review

The notion of Operating Model (OM) is widely used in the academic and practitioner-related literature, as well as in publications written by major consultancy firms. Despite this widespread use, the concept is not yet comprehensively defined, creating some issues in interpretation and understanding. To fill this gap, we offer a systematic literature review (SLR) approach to better capture the dynamic environment in which businesses take part. We have therefore included innovation and transformation within the scope of this review, instead of focusing on OM in isolation. The goal of this article is to investigate which important decisions are typically taken with regard to the implementation of innovation and transformation, as seen through an OM lens. More specifically, we compare definitions, properties and boundaries of OM as well as various decision topics within the scope of innovation and transformation. This review integrates current knowledge of OM and the different elements used to describe it. Finally, we provide avenues for future research and a theoretical foundation to expand the current knowledge of OM

Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing

Many organizations have a long history with the use of ERP. However, organizations are increasingly turning to digital capabilities to transform operational processes and business models. Extant literature has increased our understanding of ERP, but we lack comprehensive insights into the evolving nature of ERP in the context of digital transformation. Through a review of articles from the AIS Basket of Eight IT journals, we identified digital capabilities associated with contemporary ERP across five categories. The identified capabilities foreground the evolving nature of ERP, resulting in the introduction of a definition for digital ERP (D-ERP) and a call for research studying the co-evolution of D-ERP and digital transformation